Free Essays on Terrorism And Its Effect Upon The Economy

Terrorist attacks have many effects upon the nation that is attacked; the attack can have effects on the economy, as well as the well being of the citizens. Terrorism has been an extreme influence upon aspects of a nation’s well being since the dawn of the economy. Terrorism is a social issue where in which a organization uses force to meet demands from a source of power. Terrorism can effect the media as well as the sociological, the physiological, the physical, the ecological, and the legal aspects of a nation. The sociological effect a terrorist attack can have on a nation is massive, perhaps greater then the obvious physical effect. Terrorist attacks against our nation in recent memory have had serious effects on the economy forcing it to slow down. Recently, involving the terrorist attack on September 11th 2001, stocks and profits fell so low that some economists felt that our nation would experience recession. â€Å"Forecasters, for the most part, are predicting a mild recession with recovery starting next spring†¦ consumer confidence, suggest that the recession could be much deeper than is being forecast.† (Campbell, Bruce. â€Å"What Paul Martin Should Do†.www.policyalternatives.ca/publications/35.html). Companies, businesses, and corporations also experience slow profits during periods after terrorist attacks. These economic problems also slow inflationary pressure that also puts other strains on regular living in a market economy system. In recent aftermath of a terrorist attack people’s lifestyles also change. â€Å"Terrorist friendly† areas such as airports, and large buildings increase security drastically to insure safety. Other places such as stadiums also increase security during sporting and other events held inside the stadium. Society also attempts to prevent acts against terrorism by creating many anti-programs and organizations. The programs and organizations vary in methods of prevention, howeve... Free Essays on Terrorism And Its Effect Upon The Economy Free Essays on Terrorism And Its Effect Upon The Economy Terrorist attacks have many effects upon the nation that is attacked; the attack can have effects on the economy, as well as the well being of the citizens. Terrorism has been an extreme influence upon aspects of a nation’s well being since the dawn of the economy. Terrorism is a social issue where in which a organization uses force to meet demands from a source of power. Terrorism can effect the media as well as the sociological, the physiological, the physical, the ecological, and the legal aspects of a nation. The sociological effect a terrorist attack can have on a nation is massive, perhaps greater then the obvious physical effect. Terrorist attacks against our nation in recent memory have had serious effects on the economy forcing it to slow down. Recently, involving the terrorist attack on September 11th 2001, stocks and profits fell so low that some economists felt that our nation would experience recession. â€Å"Forecasters, for the most part, are predicting a mild recession with recovery starting next spring†¦ consumer confidence, suggest that the recession could be much deeper than is being forecast.† (Campbell, Bruce. â€Å"What Paul Martin Should Do†.www.policyalternatives.ca/publications/35.html). Companies, businesses, and corporations also experience slow profits during periods after terrorist attacks. These economic problems also slow inflationary pressure that also puts other strains on regular living in a market economy system. In recent aftermath of a terrorist attack people’s lifestyles also change. â€Å"Terrorist friendly† areas such as airports, and large buildings increase security drastically to insure safety. Other places such as stadiums also increase security during sporting and other events held inside the stadium. Society also attempts to prevent acts against terrorism by creating many anti-programs and organizations. The programs and organizations vary in methods of prevention, howeve...

How to Cite a Newspaper Article in Vancouver Referencing

How to Cite a Newspaper Article in Vancouver Referencing How to Cite a Newspaper Article in Vancouver Referencing Even in an era of fake news, you can’t get away with fake referencing. Thus, if you need to cite a newspaper article in your work, make sure you know how to do it properly. In this post, for example, we’re looking at how to cite a newspaper article in Vancouver referencing. How to Cite a Newspaper Article in the Main Text When citing a newspaper article in Vancouver referencing, the basic citation format is the same as for any other source. This means using numbers in brackets to indicate a citation, typically after final punctuation: The Shonky Awards highlight problematic products. (1) These bracketed numbers point to an entry in the reference list at the end of the document, with sources numbered in the order they are first cited. Above, for example, we’d be citing the first entry in the reference list (which would also be the first source cited in the document). The main variations on this format are as follows: You can cite sources mid-sentence when an author is named in the text. You should include page numbers when quoting a source directly. We can see both variations in the following passage: A report by Clun (1) on the Shonky Awards sheds light on current consumer culture. These awards publicize brands, products and companies that are â€Å"taking advantage of Australian consumers† (1: p. 84). Here, we give the first citation immediately after the author’s surname. And in the second citation, we show that we’ve quoted page 84 of the newspaper. Newspaper Articles in the Reference List The general format for a print newspaper article in your reference list is: (Citation Number) Author Surname and Initial(s). Title of article. Title of Newspaper: Section. Year Month Day: Page number(s). Typically, you would also abbreviate the month here (e.g., â€Å"October† would become â€Å"Oct†). In practice, then, a reference might look like this: (1) Clun R. Choice awards Shonky to Commonwealth Bank’s Dollarmite program. Sydney Morning Herald: Business. 2018 Oct 4: 84-85. The format is mostly the same for an online article, but you should include: A date of citation (i.e., when you last accessed the article) followed by the words â€Å"cited in† in square brackets after the date of publication. A URL for the article instead of page numbers. This should be placed after a full stop and the words â€Å"Available from.† We would therefore list an online version of the article above like this: (1) Clun R. Choice awards Shonky to Commonwealth Bank’s Dollarmite program. Sydney Morning Herald: Business. 2018 Oct 4 [cited 2018 Nov 25]. Available from: https://www.smh.com.au/business/consumer-affairs/choice-awards-shonky-to-commonweath-bank-s-dollarmite-program-20181004-p507nv.html Vancouver Variations You can use the format above to cite a newspaper article. However, there are many versions of Vancouver referencing. You should therefore check your university’s style guide (if available) for their preferred reference format. If you do not have a style guide, simply apply a clear and consistent referencing style throughout your document.

Film Reponse Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Film Reponse Paper - Essay Example 1). The film is directed by Ann Thompson and written by Martin Dugard, together with Olegar Fedoro. It was released on 8th October 2007. The main stars include Olegar Fedoro, Alvaro Martin, David Sant And Javier Mazan. On May 11, 1502, Christopher Columbus set out on his fourth and final voyage to the New World. He had four ships in a mission to explore unfamiliar areas to the west of the Caribbean. He hoped to find a route west to the Orient. He explored parts of southern Central America, but his ships, damaged by a hurricane and termites, fell apart in the process. Columbus and his men were stranded on Jamaica for about a year before being rescued. They returned to Spain in late 1504 (Hugh, P. 1).Because of Queen Isabel waning health and without her support, Columbus would never return to the New World. Columbus’ Fourth Voyage is outstanding primarily for some new exploration, mostly along the coast of Central America. The film is of great interest to historians, because of its astute descriptions of the native cultures such as the sections on the Mayan traders. Some of those who were along on the fourth voyage would later go on to greater things, such as Antonio de Alaminos, a cabin boy who would later rise to pilot and explore much of the western Caribbean. Columbus’ son Fernando would later write a biography of his famous father. The Fourth Voyage was a failure. Many of Columbus’ men died, the ships were lost and no passage to the west was ever found. Columbus himself would never sail again, and died convinced that he had found Asia, even if most of Europe already accepted the fact that the Americas were an unknown â€Å"New World.† Still, the fourth voyage showed better than any other Columbus’ sailing skills, fortitude and resilience, attribu tes which allowed him to discover the Americas in the first place (Hugh, P. 1). This is a heroic story of the great Protestant revolutionary by

Business proposal for opening a new Apple store in Chile Research

Business for opening a new Apple store in Chile - Research Proposal Example According to Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) report published in 2012, Chile depends heavily on its exports of metals and the business environment faces lack of competitive pressure which can bring innovation. The report has also pointed out that domestic companies in the country adopt innovation by importing technologies. However, according to report published by Budde Comm Research Company in 2012, penetration of mobile phone market is highest in Chile in comparison to other Latin American countries such as Peru, Brazil etc. Budde Comm (2012) has also identified three major players in Chilean mobile market such as Telefà ³nica’s Movistar, Amà ©rica Mà ³vil’s Claro and Almendral’s Entel. However, these companies can be identified as telecom connection providers. Therefore, Apple will not face direct competition from these above mentioned telecom operators, but it is advisable to decision makers to select a network service provide r partner prior to opening shop in Chile. Subtel is the telecom regulator in Chile which has recently auctioned 2.5 to 4 GHz band among telecom operators, so Apple can enter the Chilean mobile market by offering Smartphone equipped with 43G network. Although currently there is an Apple store in Chile, Apple does not export its Smartphone to local retailers. According to Heim (2011), Apple has never tried to open online shop or retail store in Chile because the company has never perceived Chilean mobile market as an important one. Heim (2011) has reported that local retailers sell Apple iPhone in the price range of $750 to $1750, while they export it at 10% to 15% lower price. Central Intelligence Agency (2012) has reported that per-capita income of Chilean people is $18,400 which is more than per capita income of Brazil, Peru and other important countries of Latin America. Hence, there are opportunities for opening Apple store in Chile which will offer highly priced Smartphone to cu stomers. Next section of the study will discuss the competitive environment of Chilean mobile phone market. Competitive Environment According to Petrazzini and Hilbert (2002), Nokia is the market leader in Chile but recent study has shown that market position of Nokia has been perturbed the rise of demand for Smartphones by Apple and Samsung. According to the OECD (2012) report, lack of administrative and legal proceeding has created challenge for foreign companies to enter the Chile market. Regional problems like counterfeits of patent, lack of infrastructure to support the road transport based logistics, irregular government policy regarding foreign investment, political tension between parties will definitely create problems for Apple while opening stores in Chile. However, in 2011, Chillean government established Fondo Capital Abe program in order to ease the credit facility to entrepreneurs and foreign companies. Apart from this, there Apple needs to use the guideline mentioned by Subtel in order to find the suitable carrier. However, the mobile manufacturing industry is fragmented, and competitive pressure will be low for Apple. In Chile, Samsung and Nokia will be two major competitors for Apple. Euro Monitor International (2012) has reported that Samsung is the market leader in general mobile phone market with 32% of retail market penetration but when it comes to Smartphone sales, Apple’s iPhone is the market leader with 29% market share. In Chilean mobile phone market, major competitors for Apple will be Samsung, Nokia and Research in Motion. Hence, it can be recommended that Apple should export its Smartphone to Chile as a short term strategy to penetrate. Then it should think about establishment of its own retail store backed by research

Examining Government Regulations Essay Example for Free

Examining Government Regulations Essay To briefly describe the current government regulations or standards I researched about kid’s having a single parent that does not get the additional cash assistants that they need to help support their family would be if a kid happens to be born in a family that happens to get additional cash assistants they are normally turned down to get any more. In the state of Ohio the percentage of kid’s with a single parent is at 31% witch is the highest it has ever been. A list of Agencies that will help a single parent with rent and other things that will help them raise their kid’s. â€Å"1. Local Non Profit Agencies Every county has designated agencies that are established to help individuals in times of distress. Local non-profit agencies are equipped to assist single mothers with rent, utility bills, daycare assistance, food, clothing and other necessities. Because they will base the amount of your grant off of your assets and other personal criteria, you will be required to meet with a caseworker who will discuss their program and input your information, including your earned income, proof of residence, past due bills and dependent information. Local non-profit agencies include: Department of Human Services, Department of Social Service Provides WIC, food stamps, daycare assistance and health care assistance such as Medicaid and Medicare, Transportation Assistance, Soup Kitchen, Rent assistance, Free or reduced meals for school-aged children. 2. Local Food Bank. Food banks are commonly found in all areas across the nation and can be accessed by anyone in their time of need. Donations come from grocery stores, wholesalers, restaurant owners and individuals. Once the food is brought in, volunteers sort and pack food kits for families in need. Single mothers can apply with their local food bank to receive assistance with obtaining food. In many cases, single mothers who make too much money to receive additional state or federal benefits are able to receive food donations from food banks. 3. Community Churches and Religious Organizations. Some community churches and temples have organized programs to help single mothers and individuals with low incomes. While the requirements may not be as stringent as local organizations, some churches may still want applicants to show documentation to receive assistance. Local churches often have programs in place to help women with shelter, rent payments, utility payments, clothing needs and food attainment. In addition to local food banks, many churches also have food pantries for members of the community that are in need. 4. Federal Assistance Organizations. When you have exhausted your options on a local level, or simply require further help, there are a variety of federal programs designated to help low-income families and single mothers. Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) A federal assistance program that provides temporary cash assistance and food stamps to single mothers and low-income individuals, showing a need. Low Income Housing Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP) A federal assistance program that provides assistance with energy-related costs, including paying utility bills, weatherization procedures and/or energy-related home repairs. 5. Grants for Single Mothers There are a variety of grants available to single mothers who are the primary head of household. Some grants have been established for single mothers furthering their education and others are available to all single mothers meeting necessary criteria. While loans must be paid back, grants do not need to be repaid. Institutional grants, The Womens Opportunity Awards, Sunshine Lady Foundation.† There are only a few obstacles that would prevent me from meeting the needs of my target population and those would be the lack of funding the state provides as well as the huge number of people who need the help. Every year more and more people need help with and the funding as well keep’s going down more and more every year as well. Some of the things that need to be considered for change to the social policy that may be necessary in order for my issue to be resolved or for my target population to have its needs satisfied would be for that state to come up with another way to make funding to help those who need the help. Another way would be for that to hold a fun raiser to donate the money to the groups that help those in need.

Hans Holbein, The Ambassadors Essay -- essays research papers

Hans Holbein The Ambassadors ❦Introduction The Ambassadors is one of the most complex and arguably portrait which Holbein had painted. The purpose of this report is to analyze Han Holbein?fs painting, ?gThe Ambassadors?h. The main task of this report is to uncover the meaning of this painting, as it still remains unclear. Firstly, I will give a short introduction about the painter. Then, I will examine the characteristics of the people and the objects in the painting. Lastly, I will attempt to identify the meaning of the painting. ❦About Han Holbein   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hans Holbein the younger was a German artist born in Augsburg, Bavaria. He was an outstanding portrait and religious painter and his works ranges from woodcuts, glass paintings, illustrating books, portraits and altarpieces. Hans Holbein was also the appointed court painter to Henry VIII of England in 1536. It is estimated that during the last 10 years of his life, Holbein painted approximately 150 portraits of royalty and nobility and he also designed costumes, silverware and jewelry for the court. Holbein?fs other famous art works include the remarkable woodcuts piece, ?gThe Dance of Death?h and illustrations for Luther's Bible, the ?gMadonna of Burgomaster Meye?h altarpiece. Unfortunately, Holbein died in London in 1543 during a plague epidemic. ❦The Ambassadors This painting was painted at the time that Henry VIII was trying to divorce his first wife Catherine of Aragon so he could marry Anne Bolyne, the second of his six wives. Character: Two men in the painting The character to the left is Jean de Dinteville, aged 29, French ambassador to England in 1533. To the right stands his friend, Georges de Selve, aged 25, Bishop of Lavaur, who acted on several?@occasions as ambassador to the Emperor, the Venetian Republic and the Holy See. Dinteville wearing an opulent, fur-lined coat and decorated with the Order of St. Michael, while de Selve's clothes are more restrained. The French ambassador Dinteville was on an official visit from France to calm the growing tensions between Henry VIII, King of England, and Pope Clement VII. On the other hand, De Selve mission was to represent the interests of the Catholic Church. Two of them are good friends and this painting was painted during Dinteville?fs visit to London. Objects on the Top Shelf There a... ...how the way Holbein had drew the skull. According to the experts, it?fs real shape could only be seen by the viewer on a certain angle. I suspect that when the viewer look at it the right angle, the real shape will reveal but the other part of the painting would not visible in the viewer?fs eye. This is very interesting as it might have another deep meaning to the painting. Maybe Holbein was trying to suggest that the two men look at things at a different angle and think differently. If they could think flexibly, they might be able to find a way to persuade Henry VIII . Was Holbein trying to hint Jean de Dinteville and George de Selve to think at a different perspective to complete their mission? The distorted skull might be an indication that if both men ?es thinking are distorted and not on the right track, it will lead to the failure of the mission. Whatever it is I personally think that this painting has a message to it but of all the analysis made by the expert, nobody can be sure of the real meaning of the painting except the artist himself. References: Foister, Susan, Roy Ashok & Martin Wyld, Making & Meaning: Holbein?fs Ambassadors, London : Yale U.P., 1997

Ppi and the Big Mac Index

Estimating the Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) of currencies using the Big Mac Indexâ„ ¢ Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Purchasing Power Parity and Theory of one Price 3. Over/Under Valuation of currencies against the Dollar 5. Comparative analysis of the most overvalued to the most undervalued 6. Observation and Alternative indexes 7. Limitations 8. Appendix INTRODUCTION Purchasing power parity (PPP) is an important and critical topic in international economics. It arises when the purchasing power of an amount of money is the same in different countries. This is when prices of two different countries are converted to a common currency. The idea is based on the law of one price, where in the absence of official trade restrictions, similar goods will have the same price in different markets, with the prices being expressed in the same (common) currency. Deviations from parity infer differences in purchasing power of goods across countries, which means that for the purposes of many international comparisons, countries' GDPs or other national income statistics need to be â€Å"PPP adjusted† and converted into common units. There can be a huge difference when adjusted by purchasing power and when converted via market exchange rates. For ex:- If calculated at nominal exchange rates, India has the tenth largest economy while adjusting by PPP, India has the fourth largest economy. Thus, to remove this discrepancy, a common currency of measurement is highly essential. The Big Mac Index is an example of a measure of law of one price. It refers to the prices of a Big Mac burger in McDonald's restaurants in different countries. It helps in determining whether a currency is undervalued or overvalued and thus accordingly gives an idea about the direction in which currencies should move. The Big Mac was selected because it is available for a common purpose in many countries around the world as local McDonald's franchisees have significant responsibility for converting input prices(at least in theory). The Big Mac Index is useful because it is based on a very well-known food item whose final price can be easily tracked in many countries. PPP and the Theory of One Price The One-Price Theory The theory of PPP and One price go hand in hand. It is imperative to understand the implication of â€Å"One Price† to understand the Purchase Power Parity as it is based on that. The Law of One Price proposes that if a gadget costs $2 in USA and the same gadget costs Rs 5 in India , then the exchange rate should be 2/5 = 0. 40 for the real prices to be same in both the countries. Let us denote it empirically as Price of a good in one country A be X and Price of the same good in some other country B is X* , then equalization of both the prices can be done using exchange rate denoted by the formula Exchange Rate = X/X* Suppose in the above example where the exchange rate is calculated to be 0. 4, increases to 0. 6, and then the same gadget would cost Rs 8. 33 in India. This would result in the inflow of gadgets to India from USA causing increase in the demand of dollars and increase in supply of Rupees. Law of One Price (LoOP) It states that identical goods should sell at same price in two different markets when there are no transportation costs and no differential taxes applied in two markets One Price Theory and PPP While this concept of one –price here in the example is being applied to one commodity, it can be applied universally to all other commodities in market as well. The Big Mac burger is one of the brightest examples of the application of One-Price to a commodity. It looks at the price of a big Mac burger across different countries. This way Purchase Power Parity applies not just to a single commodity but on general price level. This way we can universally derive a relation of One-Price theory and Purchase Power Parity. The Big Mac was created by Jim Delligatti in the year 1967 and introduced throughout the US in 1968. The Big Mac is now available in around 120 countries around the world and its composition is generally the same throughout – two all beef patties, special sauce, lettuce, cheese, pickles, onions on a sesame seed bun. Since beef is not consumed in India, a special Mac known as the â€Å"Maharaja Mac† can be found with chicken patties replacing beef patties. In Islamic countries the Big Mac is made with Halal beef and in Israel it is made with Kosher beef. The price of a Big Mac in US is calculated by the average of 4 cities – Atlanta, New York, Chicago and San Francisco. The price of Big Mac in Euro area is calculated by the weighted average of prices in Euro area. The Big Mac considered in India is the Maharaja Mac. Country| Big Mac Price| Implied PPP rate +| Today's| Over(+) / Under(-) Valuation against the USD, % ++| | | | Exchange Rate| | in Local Currency| in US dollars| | 1 USD =| | US| $ 4. 07| 4. 07| —| 1| —| Argentina| Peso 20. 0| 4. 4153463| 4. 92| 4. 530| 8. 6175| Australia| A$ 4. 56| 4. 6373416| 1. 12| 0. 983| 13. 8996| Brazil| Real 9. 50| 5. 2511951| 2. 34| 1. 809| 29. 3452| Britain| ? 2. 39| 3. 7447139| 0. 59| 0. 638| -7. 5573| Canada| C$ 4. 73| 4. 6363004 | 1. 16| 1. 020| 13. 7021| Chile| Peso 1850| 3. 6281104| 455| 509. 907| -10. 7681| China| Yuan 14. 7| 2. 3129209| 3. 6| 6. 356| -43. 3570| Colombia| Peso 8400| 4. 326| 2066| 1941. 748| 6. 3990| Czech Republic| Koruna 69. 3| 3. 6412205| 17. 1| 19. 32| -10. 1517| Denmark| DK 28. 5| 5. 1401734| 7. 01| 5. 545| 26. 4302| Egypt| Pound 14. 1| 2. 3477628| 3. 47| 6. 006| -42. 2217| Euro area| Euro 3. 44| 4. 6013727| 1. 18| 0. 748| 57. 8378| Hong Kong| HK$ 15. 1| 1. 9404672| 3. 71| 7. 782| -52. 3236| Hungary| Forint 760| 3. 3439474| 187| 227. 276| -17. 7213| India| Rupee 84. 0| 1. 6163756| 20. 7| 51. 968| -60. 1679| Indonesia| Rupiah 22534| 2. 501274| 5543| 9009. 009| -38. 4727| Israel| Shekel 15. 9| 4. 2277811| 3. 91| 3. 761| 3. 9662| Japan| ? 320| 4. 1212269| 78. 7| 77. 647| 1. 3564| Malaysia| Ringgit 7. 20| 2. 2981176| 1. 7| 3. 133| -43. 5046| Mexico| Peso 32. 0| 2. 3459637| 7. 87| 13. 640| -42. 3040| New Zealand| NZ$ 5. 10| 3. 9382574| 1. 25| 1. 295| -3. 4741| Norway| Kroner 45. 0| 7. 832 1279| 11. 1| 5. 746| 93. 1925| Pakistan| Rupee 205| 2. 3019159| 50. 5| 89. 056| -43. 2943| Peru| New Sol 10| 3. 7022146| 2. 46| 2. 701| -8. 9255| Philippines| Peso 118| 2. 7064108| 29| 43. 600| -33. 4865| Poland| Zloty 8. 63| 2. 5572242| 2. 12| 3. 375| -37. 1806| Russia| Rouble 75. 0| 2. 3810975| 18. 5| 31. 498| -41. 2663| Saudi Arabia| Riyal 10. 0| 2. 6661761| 2. 46| 3. 751| -34. 4121| Singapore| S$ 4. 1| 3. 4060498| 1. 08| 1. 295| -16. 5865| South Africa| Rand 19. 45| 2. 3850647| 4. 78| 8. 155| -41. 3850| South Korea| Won 3700| 3. 2782| 910| 1128. 668| -19. 3740| Sweden| SKr 48. 4| 7. 1816695| 11. 9| 6. 739| 76. 5741| Switzerland| SFr 6. 5| 7. 036772| 1. 6| 0. 924| 73. 2128| Taiwan| NT$ 75. 0| 2. 4825847| 18. 5| 30. 210| -38. 7629| Thailand| Baht 70. 0| 2. 2628537| 17. 2| 30. 934| -44. 3985| Turkey| Lire 6. 5| 3. 5532705| 1. 6| 1. 829| -12. 5349| + The Purchasing Power Parity or the PPP rate is the price of Big Mac in local currency divided by the price in the US. Price of Big Mac (and corresponding implied PPP rates from The Economist and is the latest). ++ The Over/Under valuation against the dollar is calculated using Exchangerate’s latest rates ( i. e as of 09/12/2011): 100 x ( P P P – Exchange Rate) / Exchange Rate (Source http://www. exchangerate. com/) OBSERVATION The most overvalued of currencies is the European Nordic countries’ currencies and most undervalued is the Indian Rupee. At market exchange rates, the Burger is 60% cheaper in India than in US. In other words, the Indian rupee is 60% undervalued against the dollar. However it should be noted that cheap burgers in India don’t mean that the Indian rupee is highly undervalued. Average prices should be lower in poor countries than in rich ones because labor costs are lower. The chart in the Appendix A shows a strong positive relationship between the dollar price of a Big Mac and GDP per person. Purchasing Power Parity is actually an indicator where exchange rates should move in the long run. For estimating the current fair value of a currency, a best fit line is drawn between Big Mac prices and GDP per person. The price thus predicted after the best fit line is drawn is compared with the actual price and this provides a better estimation of the currency over and under valuation than the above index. The â€Å"beefed up† index shows that the Brazilian Real is the most overvalued in the world; the Euro is also slightly overvalued. However the two major developing countries – India and China appear to be almost equal to its fair values. ALTERNATIVE INDICES An index similar to the Big Mac index has also been developed by the financial company UBS as part of general compilation of differences in prices and incomes around the globe. The Economist  also comes out with variants of the same. For example in the month of January in 2004, it proposed a  Tall Latte index  by replacing the Big Mac with a Starbucks Tall Latte. Refer Appendix B for the same. Commonwealth Securities, an Australian bank's subsidiary, proposed to create the iPod index by using the concepts behind the Big Mac index. The banks contention that since the Big Mac index can be distorted by taxes, transport costs, labour laws and trade barriers in each country and the iPod was made in a single country – China, it made more sense to use the iPod as a measuring index. Since the iPod was made in a single country, the price should be broadly be the same all over the world and if the price difference were substantial, customers would switch their purchases to other countries (thanks to internet). However it was found to be ineffective since freight charges vary from country to country and countries such as US may get volume discounts. Bloomberg LP also introduced an alternative index known as Billy index after the iconic Ikea’s bookshelf. The index was calculated after converting the bookshelf’s price to US dollars. LIMITATIONS aapendix a APPENDIX B APPENDIX C (Exchange Rates as Of 9th December 2011) | | Country| Currency| ISO| 12-08-2011| 12-09-2011| % Change| | | ARGENTINA| Peso| ARS| 4. 52995| 4. 529656| -0. 01%|   | | | AUSTRALIA| Dollar| AUD| 0. 975877| 0. 983322| 0. 76%| |   | | AUSTRIA| Euro| EUR| 0. 74732| 0. 747603| 0. 04%|   | | | BELGIUM| Euro| EUR| 0. 74732| 0. 747603| 0. 04%| | | BRAZIL| Real| BRL| 1. 804477| 1. 809112| 0. 26%|   | | CANADA| Dollar| CAD| 1. 014437| 1. 02021| 0. 57%| | | | CHILE| Peso| CLP| 508. 4706| 509. 9073| 0. 28%|   | | | CHINA| Yuan| CNY| 6. 362878| 6. 3556| -0. 11%| | | CZECH REP. | Koruna| CZK| 18. 90629| 19. 3208| 0. 67%|   | | DENMARK| Krone| DKK| 5. 542461| 5. 54456| 0. 04%| | | | EUROPEAN UNION| Euro| EUR| 0. 74732| 0. 747603| 0. 04%|   | | | FINLAND| Euro| EUR| 0. 74732| 0. 747603| 0. 04%| | | FRANCE| Euro| EUR| 0. 74732| 0. 747603| 0. 04%|   | | | GERMANY| Euro| EUR| 0. 74732| 0. 747603| 0. 04%| | | | | GREECE| Euro| EUR| 0. 74732| 0. 747603| 0. 04%|   | | HONG KONG| Dollar| HKD| 7. 776135| 7. 781631| 0. 07%| |   | HUNGARY| Forint| HUF| 227. 0945| 227. 2763| 0. 08%|   | | | ICELAND| Krona| ISK| 119. 1911| 118. 9654| -0. 19%| | | | INDIA| Rupee| INR| 51. 73987| 51. 96812| 0. 44%|   | | INTNL MON. FUND| SDR| XDR| 0. 642256| 0. 642147| -0. 02%| |   | | IRELAND| Euro| EUR| 0. 74732| 0. 747603| 0. 04%|   | | | ISRAEL| Sheqel| ILS| 3. 775473| 3. 760838| -0. 39%| |   | ITALY| Euro| EUR| 0. 74732| 0. 747603| 0. 04%|   | | JAPAN| Yen| JPY| 77. 60051| 77. 64678| 0. 06%| | | | KOREA (SOUTH)| Won| KRW| 1132. 612| 1146. 365| 1. 21%| | | KUWAIT| Dinar| KWD| 0. 277164| 0. 277164| 0. 00%| -| | | MEXICO| Peso| MXN| 13. 62357| 13. 64045| 0. 12%|   | | | NETHERLANDS| Euro| EUR| 0. 74732| 0. 747603| 0. 04%| | | | NEW ZEALAND| Dollar| NZD| 1. 28856| 1. 294989| 0. 50%|   | | | NORWAY| Krone| NOK| 5. 70238| 5. 745565| -0. 43%| | | | PAKISTAN| Rupee| PKR| 89. 01636| 89. 05625| 0. 04%|   | | PERU| Sol| PEN| 2. 701086| 2. 701086| 0. 00%| -| | | PHILIPPINES| Peso| PHP| 43. 29727| 43. 60018| 0. 70%|   | | | POLAND| Zloty| PLN| 3. 360573| 3. 374753| 0. 42%| | | | PORTUGAL| Euro| EUR| 0. 74732| 0. 747603| 0. 04%|   | | ROMANIA| Leu| RON| 3. 23797| 3. 23797| 0. 00%| -| | | RUSSIA| Ruble| RUB| 31. 43216| 31. 49808| 0. 21%|   | | | SAUDI ARABIA| Riyal| SAR| 3. 750569| 3. 75069| 0. 00%| | | | SINGAPORE| Dollar| SGD| 1. 291813| 1. 294755| 0. 23%|   | | SLOVAKIA| Euro| EUR| 0. 74732| 0. 747603| 0. 4%| | | | SOUTH AFRICA| Rand| ZAR| 8. 204971| 8. 154915| -0. 61%|   | | | SPAIN| Euro| EUR| 0. 74732| 0. 747603| 0. 04%| | | SWEDEN| Krona| SEK| 6. 771076| 6. 73938| -0. 47%|   | | | SWITZERLAND| Franc| CHF| 0. 925818| 0. 923719| -0. 23%| | | | TAIWAN| Dollar| TWD| 30. 16208| 30. 21045| 0. 16%|   | | THAILAND| Baht| THB| 30. 77703| 30. 93439| 0. 51%| |   | | U. A. E. | Dirham| AED| 3. 673236| 3. 673236| 0. 00%| -| | | UKRAINE| Hryvnia| UAH| 8. 000472| 7. 998369| -0. 03%| |   | UNITED KINGDOM| Pound| GBP| 0. 637984| 0. 638233| 0. 04%|   | | | UNITED STATES| Dollar| USD| 1| 1| 0. 00%| -|

David Hocking’s book The Nature of God in Plain Language Essay

It has to be said that the concept of trust has taken quite a hammering in society in the past twenty years.   During this time we have seen a host of previously considered â€Å"credible† people such as politicians, priests, childcare workers, teachers, babysitters and more exposed in the media as liars, cheats and criminals so is it any wonder that we might have trouble believing in an entity that has never actually been seen by anyone – someone like God for example.   David Hocking examines this issue of trust in relation to faith in his book The Nature of God in Plain Language.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the key factors illustrated in Hocking’s book is the fact that the Bible clearly states that God made man â€Å"in his own image†, so therefore God should be viewed as we might view other people around us, or perhaps more specifically in the way we view ourselves.  Ã‚   Hocking makes it clear that God is not some form of â€Å"force† but that instead he can be viewed to be a person like us, and therefore if we want to learn more about God then we can learn about him through looking at ourselves.   Hocking writes, â€Å"He possesses life, self-consciousness, freedom, purpose, intelligence and emotion† (65). One of the problems that stems from this viewpoint is that many people walk around with a very low opinion of themselves so it might be difficult to understand that while God is not ‘better’ than us, and therefore be considered as some paragon of perfection, he is an image of the very â€Å"best† that we could be to ourselves, for ourselves and to others. Hocking reinforces the fact about being a â€Å"friend of God† and points to the example of Abraham in the Old Testament who is cited as being a person who did look upon God, and did consider God to be his friend. We are not capable of being friends with a force, or source of higher power, which is why it is important for non-believers to understand that God does have elements of humanity, which we as humans share.   But the distance that is often perceived between God and man does help perpetuate the elements of mistrust about God as a creator of life, God as a loving father and God as the keeper of all men, especially if our own experience with trusting other human individuals has left us so cynical or jaded about the good in mankind Hocking believes that our growing cynicism is why trust is such an important concept when discussing a relationship with God. We should be able to trust our friends, our partners, and our family and this same trust needs to be found in God if he is to provide a positive influence in our own lives. Hocking illustrates the common problem we have as trusting individual’s when he explains about a woman that had been abused and let down continually by the significant people in her life including her parents that placed her in an institution, to friends and significant others she met throughout her life.   If she had been let down by so many people in her life it would be virtually impossible for her to consider that an unseen and unknown friend like God could care for a person he had never physically met, at least in her eyes, and is apparently unknown to her. Hocking believes this lack of trust can be overcome through three main factors that should be indicators of a whether or not a person might be trustworthy.   These three elements, telling the truth, doing what is right and fair, and being reliable, should provide the standards we measure the trustworthy nature of our friends and family, and Hocking explains how these same three factors can influence the level of trust we might have in God. The Bible illustrates countless examples of where God has proven himself in terms of these three measures of trustworthiness.   Hocking describes God as being â€Å"morally pure† and therefore it would be impossible for God to lie, to be unfair or be someone that could not be depended on.   Hocking refers to the Old Testament that showed how the people of Israel came to trust in God as they walked through the desert, and the New Testament that supported the fact that God could be counted on as a faithful being and one who is always with us.   If these ideas can be understood by an individual then with the passage of time it would be possible for all of us to trust in the one being that will never let us down. Hocking’s viewpoint on God being an accessible, trustworthy and righteous being, who can have influence on an individual in modern life is not a new concept, but understanding the importance of understanding ourselves so that we may understand God more clearly is not a common idea.   Many religious based Churches strive to create a distance between God and man and use concepts such as man’s inclination to sin on earth and generally be considered unworthy in God’s eyes as a way to maintain that distance. The fact that this distance between God and ourselves only serves the purpose of the Church as a governing body, rather than the individual is often overlooked by many theologians, but Hocking, despite his own religious affiliations, seeks to strip away the negative perceptions that the Church has upheld about man and God throughout the ages and instead paves the way for a life that can be had by any individual who could understand that God can be a friend in every sense of the word. The one stumbling block to this level of understanding is the level of mistrust that is perpetuated in modern society between individuals and groups.   The central premise of Hocking’s book is that to know God we have to know ourselves; to understand God we have to understand ourselves as individuals and to trust in God, we need to trust in others and ourselves.   Stripped of religious hype and forewarnings of doom and gloom that is often manifested by Church groups worldwide, Hocking’s book shows us that it is possible to have a relationship with our Lord, and that this relationship can be based on trust, regardless of the actions of others in our lives. Works Cited Hocking, David.   The Nature of God in Plain Language, Waco, Texas: Word Books, 1984

The Missing Peace essays

The Missing Peace essays The original Americans which were the Native Americans like all human communities, were people of both peace and war. These text however shows the battles of the Native Americans the victories as well as their defeats and their sufferings. There is a missing piece to the Native American story, the challenge is to recover it. Each of the five hundred Native American tribes or nations had its own distinctive peace tradition. The invasion by the whites challenged and subverted the tradition of the peace heritage. The authors felt that American history has been based too much on violence and not enough on the peace efforts. Has carnage and inhumanity been the only focus on American history? For the majority, yes. It has a great deal to do with the way history is taught in the classroom. Text books consistently speak of great turning points in American history which generally are results of war, taking of land, and most importantly the killing of man. There has always been little focu s on the peace aspect of history. The purpose of this text is to begin the process of altering U.S. history from the tyranny of our violent imaginations. These thoughts and imaginations built from stories of liberty and freedom accomplished through violence and war. Constructing our understanding of who we are, and our meaning and purpose as a country and the reasons for evaluating past events and the options we feel are available. The authors of this book James C. Junnke and Carol M. Hunter, challenge the myth of redemptive violence in American history. Their challenge consists of three main goals. The first is to demonstrate that violence in the United States has done more harm than good, has often encouraged rather than discouraged violence. The second goal is to offer a different viewpoint of history. To look at history with mutuality and interdependence rather than with self-willed triumph. The last goal of the of the three deals with providing hope ...

Apartheid Era Pass Laws of South Africa

Apartheid Era Pass Laws of South Africa As a system, apartheid focused on separating South African Indian, Colored, and African citizens according to their race. This was done to promote the superiority of Whites and to establish the minority White regime. Legislative laws were passed to accomplish this, including the Land Act of 1913, the Mixed Marriages Act of 1949, and the Immorality Amendment Act of 1950- all of which were created to separate the races. Under apartheid, pass laws were designed to control the movement of Africans and they are considered one of the most grievous methods that the South African government used to support apartheid. The resulting legislation (specifically Abolition of Passes and Co-ordination of Documents Act No. 67 of 1952) introduced in South Africa required black Africans to carry identity documents in the form of a reference book when outside a set of reserves (later known as homelands or bantustans). Pass laws evolved from regulations that the Dutch and British enacted during the 18th and 19th-century slave economy of the Cape Colony. In the 19th century, new pass laws were enacted to ensure a steady supply of cheap African labor for the diamond and gold mines. In 1952, the government passed an even more stringent law that required all African men age of 16 and over to carry a reference book (replacing the previous passbook) which held their personal and employment information. (Attempts to force women to carry pass books in 1910, and again during the 1950s, caused strong protests.) Pass Book Contents The pass book was similar to a passport in that it contained details about the individual, including a photograph, fingerprint, address, the name of his employer, how long the person had been employed, and other identifying information. Employers often entered an evaluation of the pass holders behavior. As defined by law, an employer could only be a White person. The pass also documented when permission was requested to be in a certain region and for what purpose, and whether that request was denied or granted. Under law, any governmental employee could remove these entries, essentially removing permission to stay in the area. If a pass book didnt have a valid entry, officials could arrest its owner and put him in prison. Colloquially, passes were known as the dompas, which literally meant the dumb pass. These passes became the most hated and despicable symbols of apartheid. Violating Pass Laws Africans often violated the pass laws in order to find work and support their families and thus lived under constant threat of fines, harassment, and arrests. Protest against the suffocating laws drove the anti-apartheid struggle- including the Defiance Campaign in the early 50s and the huge womens protest in Pretoria in 1956. In 1960, Africans burned their passes at the police station in Sharpeville and 69 protesters were killed. During the 70s and 80s, many Africans who violated pass laws lost their citizenship and were deported to impoverished rural homelands. By the time the pass laws were repealed in 1986, 17 million people had been arrested.

Independent Study Php vs Asp.net Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8000 words

Independent Study Php vs Asp.net - Dissertation Example Determining the different properties that controls the degree of scaling also provide a strong prove that the scalability scope entirely depend on the ability of the programmer to come up with a program that is error free and can be expanded. The difference in their cost is brought about by the fact that PHP is an open source programming language while ASP.net is commercial. The ability of the previous to run on a number of flat form such as Linux, Apache, and mySQL makes to be preferred since the cost is relatively low. As far as the time that it takes to deploy the program, PHP code is half that of ASP.net. This again gives the previous an advantage over the lather. In general the choice of the language greatly relay of the organizations need and their financial ability in terms of fund that has been set aside for the project. The following is a critical analysis of the different factors of the two languages. . PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor is a language that is categorized as server -side. This means that the scenario works on the server that is used on the web, and not on the browser of the user. Compared to other scripting languages like Perl and Java, PHP is still new but is fast becoming one of the most popular programming languages?on the Internet 1. ... When a programmer is creating a program, he or she should ensure that the program can be modified to change how it works. As a professional programmer, one knows thee different programming techniques and methodologies. To ensure that the program that you develop can address the issues of maintenance and scalability, one should use the best programming practices that best serves the web-based application. The programming framework also cannot be undermined since it is a basic factor that will affect the scalability and ease of maintenance. A program that has a sequential structure can be expanded so easily and at the same time, any weakness that can be realized when the program or rather the system has been implemented can be corrected without having to come up with a completely new version. Lastly are the laid programming standards and instructions which are always overlooked by many programmers. Though the impact of this factor is not realized during the deployment of the program, i t is so evident when it comes to maintenance of a program. The standards stipulate the minimum threshold and requirement for specific programs and also the implication of ignoring some steps that may seem unimportance. These guidelines will also become the basis of scaling a program. PHP can be expanded with a lot of ease. Any programmer who can code in C can create more functions that can be integrated in the major program and having less effects on the functionality of the program. In addition, there are other code and program manipulation that asp d not have but are inbuilt in PHP. Some features such as data compression and fusion, file transfer protocol, XML and encryption ate inbuilt in

Cases Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cases Analysis - Research Paper Example The prime role of the central reservation offices is to handle all calls coming from customers. The hotel call centers primarily handle calls regarding rooms’ reservations. Hotel call centers primarily serve the clients seeking for services from hotel chain companies. The central reservation office therewith provides the hotel reservation voice services on a continuous basis. It restores the customer’s feedbacks and provides accurate support to the customers too (Naveed, 2012). To improve hotel positioning, the hotel call centers should need to implement few strategies that can support it to increase its market share. Every individual hotel should suggestively try to establish its own call centre for promoting its business. Every hotel should also develop its own circuit for providing better customer services. Additionally, persons who have been appointed for voice processes are needed to be acquainted with the knowledge of several languages for services in international market. 2. Currently, the hospitality business has gained immense popularity among a large number people. After experiencing the success in leisure online travel market, the Online Travel Agencies (OTA) is observed to drive this success to a larger realm in the business industry. It is also noteworthy that the US travel agencies, such as American Express Travels as well as Carlson Wagonlit Travel have gained huge profit due to the establishment of online facilities. Those online travel agencies have expanded their business from traditional level to a large travel management companies, as observable in the current phenomenon. Moreover, few leisure sites, such as Expedia as well as Travelocity have also developed their sister sites for serving the business travelers. Currently, OTA services have been expanded to the cruise line industry besides making technology innovation to sustain in the global domain. Online marketing in the cruise line tourism industry is